Convictions Affirmed for Harassment and Tampering with Parole Officer 

Statutes provide that the elements of second-degree harassment include “to act ‘without good cause’ and with ‘the purpose to cause emotional distress [.]’” Those provisions apply to communications without implicating First Amendment protections because those provisions rely on purpose instead of subjective reaction, giving notice and a standard, and narrow the application to the unprotected activity of fighting words. Fighting words are outside constitutional protection even when delivered through Facebook, and not face-to-face, so defendant’s threats to his parole officer supported a conviction for the second-degree harassment. Those facts also supported a conviction for tampering with a judicial official, and a separate sentence for that offense was no more than the General Assembly intended, so it did not violate Double Jeopardy’s bar on cumulative sentencing. Second-degree harassment was not a lesser included offense of tampering with a judicial official because the test is not the facts alleged, but the elements of the statutes. The statutes have differing elements, so conviction of one does not necessarily constitute conviction of the other, taking them outside of Double Jeopardy.  
State of Missouri, Respondent, vs. Joshua Steven Collins, Appellant. 

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